A Flexible Work Arrangement Coursework Example

Essays on A Flexible Work Arrangement Coursework The paper "A Flexible Work Arrangement" is a brilliant example of coursework on management. A flexible work arrangement refers to a workplace setting that allows workers to work under a more changeable schedule instead of keeping to the traditional 8-hour workday. At present, a growing number of workers are working under a flexible schedule from different locations and some even share jobs. The main flexible work arrangements include flex-time, job-sharing, compressed workweek schedules, and telecommuting. Under flex-time, employees are allowed to set time for starting and finishing their work within limits set by management. Job-sharing allows two employees to share duties under one full-time job position. Compressed workweek schedules let workers work for 40 hours in less than 5 days. Most employees work for 10 hours in four days every week. Lastly, telecommuting involves working from home for some hours and going to the office for two or so days within a week (Kelliher Anderson 2 008, p.423).Organic and Mechanistic organizationsGitman McDaniel (2009, p.190) note that an organic firm is typified by a comparatively low job specialization, few management levels, loose departmentalization, broad spans of control, a short command chain and decentralized decision-making. When these elements combine they form a flat firm structure. Universities and colleges have a tendency of having flat structures, with just a few administration levels amid the president and the faculty. On the other hand, a mechanistic firm is typified by a comparatively high level of job specialization, several management layers, rigid departmentalization, centralized decision-making, the long command chain, and narrow control spans. All these features constitute what is known as a tall firm structure. The United Nations and U.S Armed forces are examples of characteristic mechanistic organizations. The decision on whether to form a more organic or mechanistic organization depends on a number of factors including, the overall strategy of an organization, its size as well as the stability of the external environment.Description of the workplaces in the case studyThe workplaces described in the case study are more organic. In the case of Mr. Marburg, he is able to both work at ANZ Bank as well as pursue his sports’ passion for towing. Instead of working from an ANZ’s office in the city, he carries his laptop and does some work from his boat shed during his towing practice (SMH 2009). This characterizes an organic organization in the sense that, the span of control that is exercised by the ANZ Bank is very wide. For instance, Mr. Marburg is free to discharge his duties as a communication adviser from his boat shed without being supervised by anybody. The organization is not exercising a lot of control over him as part of its workforce. Moreover, decentralized decision-making as is the case for organic organizations is evident where Mr. Marburg is free to decide when to discharge his bank duties in the course of his towing training (SMH 2009).

Theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg †Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the comparing and contrasting the theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg within the rubric of theology of hope? Answer: The approach that has been adopted by Jrgen Moltmann and Wolfhart Pannenberg is similar but at the same time, some differences are also present in this regard. One such similarity is present regarding the nature of Bible, as it neither follows the doctrine of installation nor the doctrine of inerrancy. On the other hand, while talking about the difference between the approaches adopted by the two, you can be said that while Moltmann wants that the theology should be capable of relating with the experiences of life, especially the question of theodicy. The thing done by Moltmann to systematic theology is the volume that is called "contributions" even if these volumes are related with theology from a general perspective only (Gunton, 1997 p145). But on the other hand, there is Pennenberg as it appears that he is more interested in producing the theology that is more coherent, systematic, apologetic and didactic. In this way, he does not appear to be interested in making sure that the t heology can be related with life experiences or at least it can be said that this is not equally relevant for Pennenberg as it is relevant to Moltmann (Clark, 2003). While Moltmann is probably considered as the most prominent one, but certainly he is not the only theological of hope. Another one that can be named in this regard is Wolfhart Pannenberg and he also achieved significant popularity in the United States after the late 60s. In 'Revelation as History', Pennenberg has written a noteworthy essay in which, and understanding can be found regarding all reality in terms of eschaton, the Christ event being the beginning of that nature and also regarding the concept of God as being the God of future. In the same way, when it comes to actual theology, there can be several differences related the areas like The Trinity, the final judgment, eschatology etc.. However one similarity that can be pointed out between these two is that both of them lay emphasis on the power of future over present but when it comes to having more understanding of this, there are significant differences present between the two. While Hagel is read by Moltmann in such a way that it provides an understanding regarding the fact that future is the revolutionary and transformative overcoming of presence (Moltmann, 1980). But in case of Pennenberg, future is considered as something that is proleptically found in the present and as a result, it is not necessary that the president should be dramatically upended as it can be improved gradually (Pannenburg, 1987 p7). In this way, the differences that are present in the readings of Hegel can be associated with the way in which Moltmann and Pennenberg have developed their own political views. Moltmann considers the tension that is present between the cross and resurrection as being the insurrection of God against the worldly powers that enslave and marginalize, and in the end, destroying humanity (Schwarz, 2012). This position, along with the fact that he considers future as overcoming the present can be used to explain the political views of Moltmann, particularly the reason behind the fact that his writings were able to achieve significant popularity during liberation theology movement. If it is considered by the people that the status quo present in sociopolitical world is not capable of even gradual transformation for the betterment, revolutionary change may be required. In this way, Moltmann believes that democratic socialism is the only way through which a more equitable outcome can be achieved. On the other hand, Pennenberg is in the favor more democratic capitalist model that is capable of becoming more just and fair over time if needed (Wright and Paternoster, 2000). In the same way, the difference that is present between their view of Hegel also has an impact on their view regarding the way history is impacted by divinity. As a result, Pennenberg believes that the likelihood of the resurrection of Jesus actually taking place can be deduced which means that the resurrection can be approached in the same way as any other historical event is approached. On the other hand, in the opinion of Moltmann, resurrection of Jesus Christ is not such an event that can be discussed in terms of history. He believes that it is an event that can make the history and in this way, this event breaks the power enjoyed by history. References Gunton, C., (1997) The Doctrine of Creation in Cambridge Companion to Christian Doctrine, p.145 Pannenburg, W., (1987) The Doctrine of Creation and Modern Science, p.7 Jrgen Moltmann, 1980, Why am I a Christian? in Experiences of God, Philadelphia: Fortress Press T T Clark, 2003, Spirit of the Last Days: Pentecostal Eschatology in Conversation with Jrgen Moltmann, by Peter Althouse, London Nigel Wright, Carlisle, Paternoster, 2000, Disavowing Constantine: Mission, Church and the Social Order in the Theologies of John H. Yoder and Jrgen Moltmann Schwarz, Hans, 2012. 'Wolfhart Pannenberg' in The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity J.B. Stump and Alan G. Padgett (eds.) Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Due Care Theory Essay Example

Due Care Theory Essay The Ethics in the Product Marketing# Stefan Majtan* Gabriela Dubcova. ** Introduction Everyday situations persuade us about very flexible applying of the newest scientific and technical achievements in the praxis of product marketing. All the more the product marketing represents an integration of technical, humanities and social sciences at opened European Union market. On this basis there arise many problems in the area of ethics, most of all in a situation when a producer or a seller do not take into account the ethics dimension but only a financial dimension of the product, either purposefully or subconsciously. In our article we can solve following topics: †¢ Important theoretical principles of the product marketing and product marketing ethics †¢ Related problems and determination of the marketing ethics and product marketing ethics †¢ Most visible and actual ethics problems in the area of product marketing Identification of adequate customer protection in the European Union and in the †¢ Slovak Republic consequently. 1. The Theory â€Å"Due Care† to Customers At the beginning it is important to describe the basic principles of the known theory due care to customers. Its fundamental content is responses to question Exactly what do companies and organizations owe their customers? [1] Due care theory involves: a. Design products and services should meet all governmental regulations and specifications and be safe under all foreseeable conditions, including misuse by the consumer b. Materials – materials should meet governmental regulations and durable enough to withstand reasonable use c. Production – products should be made without defects d. Quality control – products should be inspected regularly for quality e. We will write a custom essay sample on Due Care Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Due Care Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Due Care Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Packaging, labelling and warnings – products should be safely packaged, should include clear, easily understood directions for use, and should include a clear description of any hazards f. Notification – manufacturers should have a system in place to recalls products that prove to be dangerous at some time after manufacture and distribution. Article is processed as one of outputs of the research projects VEGA No. 1/4579/07 â€Å"Diagnostic of Value Relations and Market Activities in an Enterprise† and No. /3828/06 â€Å"NGOs – Integral Part of Economic System of the Country†. (Projects registered with the Grant Agency in the Slovak Republic). * Prof. Ing. Stefan Majtan, PhD. , professor; University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemska cesta 1/b, 85235 Bratislava 5, Slovak Republic, [emailprotected] euba. sk ** Ing. Mgr. Gabriela Dubcova, PhD. , fellow; University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemska cesta 1/b, 85235 Bratislava 5, Slovak Republ ic, [emailprotected] euba. sk # 2. Attributes of the Product Quality The definition of product quality used here is: the degree to which product performance meets predetermined expectation with respect to reliability, service life, maintainability and safety: a. Reliability: Claims of reliability refer to the probability that a product will function as the consumer is led to expect that it will function. If a product incorporates a number of interdependent components, then the probability that it will function properly is equal to result of multiplying together each component’s probability of proper functioning. This is especially the case when malfunction poses health or safety hazards. . Service life: Claims concerning the life of a product refer to the period of time during which the product will function as effectively as the consumer is led to expect it to function. The consumer implicitly understands that service life will depend on the amount of wear and tear to which one subjects the product. Consumers also base some of their expectatio ns of service life on the explicit guarantees the manufacturer attaches to the product. c. Maintainability: Claims of maintainability are claims concerning the ease with the product can be repaired and kept in operating conditions. Claims of maintainability are often made in form of an express warranty. d. Product safety: Implied and expressed claims of product safety refer to the degree of risk associated with using of product. Since the use of virtually any product involves some degree of risk, question of safety is essentially question of acceptable known levels of risks. That is – a product is safe if its attendant risks are known and judged to be â€Å"acceptable† or â€Å"reasonable† by the buyer in view of benefits the buyer expects to derive from using the roduct. This implies that the seller complies with his or her part of free agreement if the seller provides a product that involves only those risks he or she says it involves and the buyer purchases it with that understanding. The seller of product has a moral duty to provide a product whose use involves no greater risks than those the seller expressly communicates to the buyer or those the seller implicitly communicates by the i mplicit claims made when marketing the product for a use whose normal risks level is well known. On this basis, we provide following recommendations for more moral behaviour with respect to customer safety: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Business can give to safety the priority warranted by the product Business should abandon the misconception that accident occurs exclusively as a result of product misuse and abuse Business must monitor the manufacturing process itself When a product is ready to be marketed, companies should have their product safety staff review advertising for safety-related content When a product reaches the market place, firms should make available to consumers everything related to the product’s performance in writing Companies should investigate consumer complaints. 3. Marketing Ethics The marketing ethics is the area of applied ethics which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. Practising ethics in marketing means deliberately applying standards of fairness, or moral rights and wrongs, to marketing decision making, behaviour, and practice in the organization. Some areas of marketing ethics ethics of advertising and promotion overlap with media ethics. Good marketing is ethical marketing good marketing is about satisfying and developing a long-term relationship with your customers. Caring about your customers not only results in profits (or achieving your organization’s objectives if an organization is notfor-profit), it is the ethical thing to do. [3] In the area of marketing ethics we can identify following framework attributes: a. Value-orientated framework analysing ethical problems on the basis of the values which they infringe: e. g. honesty, autonomy, privacy, and transparency. b. Stakeholder-orientated framework analysing ethical problems on the basis of whom they affect: e. g. consumers, competitors, society as a whole. c. Process-orientated framework analysing ethical problems in terms of the categories used by marketing specialists: (e. g. research, price, promotion, placement). d. None of these frameworks allows, by itself, a convenient and complete categorisation of the great variety of issues in marketing ethics. e. Power-based analysis: Contrary to popular impressions not all marketing is adversarial, and not all marketing is stacked in favour of the marketer. In marketing, the relationship between producer/consumer or buyer/seller can be adversarial or cooperative. If the marketing situation is adversarial, another dimension of difference emerges, describing the power balance between producer/consumer or buyer/seller. Power may be concentrated with the producer, but factors such as over-supply or legislation can shift the power towards the consumer. Identifying where the power in the relationship lies and whether the power balance is relevant at all are important to understanding the background to an ethical dilemma in marketing ethics. In this part we can focus on specific issues in marketing ethics: a. Market research Ethical danger points in market research include: ? Invasion of privacy ? Stereotyping: ? Stereotyping occurs because any analysis of real populations needs to make approximations and place individuals into groups. ? However, if conducted irresponsibly, stereotyping can lead to a variety of ethical undesirable results. b. Market audience Ethical danger points include: ? Targeting the vulnerable (e. g. children, the elderly). ? Excluding potential customers from the market: selective marketing is used to discourage demand from undesirable market sectors or disenfranchise them altogether. Examples of unethical market exclusion or selective marketing are past industry attitudes to the gay, ethnic minority and obese (plus-size) markets. Contrary to the popular myth that ethics and profits do not mix, the tapping of these markets has proved highly profitable. For example, 20% of US clothing sales are now plus-size. Examples of marketing which unethically targets the elderly include: living trusts, time share fraud, mass marketing fraud and others. In the case of children, the main products are: unhealthy food, fashion ware and entertainment goods. Other vulnerable audiences include emerging markets in developing countries, where the public may not be sufficiently aware of skilled marketing ploys transferred from developed countries, and where, conversely, marketers may not be aware how excessively powerful their tactics may be. The definition of vulnerability is also problematic: for example, when should indebtedness be seen as vulnerability and when should cheap loan providers be seen as loan sharks, unethically exploiting the economically disadvantaged. c. Pricing ethics Following list presents unethical pricing practices: †¢ Price fixing †¢ Price skimming †¢ Price discrimination †¢ Variable pricing †¢ Predatory pricing †¢ Supra competitive pricing †¢ Price war †¢ Bid rigging †¢ Dumping (pricing policy) d. Ethics in advertising and promotion Tab. 1: Ethical Pitfalls in Advertising ETHICAL PITFALLS IN ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL CONTENT Issues over truth and honesty: ? In the 1940s and 1950s, tobacco used to be advertised as promoting health. ? Today an advertiser who fails to tell the truth not only offends against morality but also against the law. ? However the law permits puffery (a legal term). Issues with violence, sex and profanity: ? ? Sexual innuendo is a mainstay of advertising content (see sex in advertising). Violence is an issue especially for childrens advertising and advertising likely to be seen by children. Taste and controversy: ? The advertising of certain products may strongly offend some people while being in the interests of others. ? Examples include: feminine hygiene products, hemorrhoid and constipation medication. Some companies have actually marketed themselves on the basis of controversial advertising (e. g. Benetton). Negative advertising techniques ( such as attack ads): ? In negative advertising, the advertiser highlights the disadvantages of competitor products rather than the advantages of their own. e. Delivery channels ? Direct marketing: ? Is the most controversial of advertising channels, particularly when approaches are unsolicited. ? TV commercials and direct mail are common examples electronic spam and telemarketing push the borders of ethics and legality more strongly. ? Shills and astroturfers are examples of ways for delivering a marketing message under the guise of independent product reviews and endorsements, or creating supposedly independent â€Å"watchdog† or review organizations. ? Business ethics has been an increasing concern among larger companies, at least since the 1990s: ? Major corporations increasingly fear the damage to their image associated with press revelations of unethical practices. ? Marketers have been among the fastest to perceive the markets preference for ethical companies, often moving faster to take advantage of this shift in consumer taste. The body shop is an example of a company, which marketed itself and its entire product range solely on an ethical message. However, the story of the Body Shop ended with increasing criticism of a gap between its morals and its practi ces. ? Green wash is an example of a strategy used to make a company appear ethical when its unethical practices continue. ? Liberation marketing is another strategy whereby a product can masquerade behind an image that appeals to a range of values, including ethical values related to lifestyle and anti-consumerism. f. Marketing strategy The main theoretical issue here is the antagonism between free markets and regulated markets: ? ? In a truly free market, any participant can make or change the rules. However, when new rules are invented which shift power too suddenly or too far, other participants may respond with accusations of unethical behavior, rather than modifying their own behaviour to suit. Most markets are not fully free: the real debate is as to the appropriate extent of regulation. Following list presents unethical or controversial marketing strategies: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Bait and switch Pyramid scheme Planned obsolescence Vendor lock-in / vendor lock-out Viral marketing / guerilla marketing Anti-competitive practices Controversial marketing strategies associated with the internet: ? Search engine optimization ? ? Spamdexing ? Embrace, extend and extinguish ? spyware / adware 4. Basic Tasks of Product Marketing Ethics The ethics of product marketing identifies and solves still more numerous and more complicated problems, which a day-to-day praxis has determined. We submit only a few for discussion: a. The opportunity for unethical behaviour to customers is present at almost every level of a company, including, among many others: ? The manufacturing process for instance, cutting corners on quality without informing customers ? Sales and quotes misleading customers about product features, or deliberately underbidding then adding costs as the job proceeds ? Distribution changing orders without informing customers ? Customer service not following through with guarantees. b. Ethics in the marketplace: ? What degree of disclosure does a product manager owe to consumers who will be using the organizations branded product? ? What responsibilities do product manufacturers and retailers have related to the social ramifications of their products? c. Product counterfeiting: ? Unauthorized copy of patented products, inventions trademarks and the violation of registered copyrights ? Unethical and illegal activities in much of the world product marketing d. Product liability: Tab. 2: Product Liability Product Liability II. Four Legal Bases for Product Liability ? Manufacturer let the product be Inherent risk in product injurious Design defects ? A promise ? Express warranty: a statement of fact ? Dangerous condition about a product ? Implied warranty: arises when ? No safety device product is made available for a given use ? Seller is responsible for not putting a ? Inadequate materials defective product on the market: Defects in manufacture ? Defences: Assumption of risk; ? Inadequate instructions or I. Typology of Injury Sources ? ? ? warnings ? Dangers after use Unforeseeable misuse; not defective ? Implied use of product, even if not defective Resource: own research On this basis, we provide the following guidelines for better orientation in ethics of the product marketing†¦ ? ? ? ? ? Is the product safe when used as intended and proposed? Is the product safe when misused in a way that is foreseeable? Have any competitor’s patents or copyrights been violated? Is the product compatible with the environment? Is there a reasonable way to dispose of the product? Will informed stakeholders of the organization obje ct to the product? 5. Consumer Protection Consumer protection is a form of government regulation, which protects the interests of consumers. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to: ? The idea of consumer rights that consumers have various rights as consumers The formation of consumer organizations which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace Consumer protection law (or consumer law): Is considered as an area of public law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. Covers a wide range of topics including but not necessarily limited to product liability, privacy rights, unfair business practices, fraud, misrepresentation, and other consumer/business interactions: a. The European Union: ? ? Is very active in the field of consumer protection Producing a considerable volume of Directives which require member states to regulate consumer protection to a particular standard (which may or may not allow a higher standard of regulation), e. g. A very important innovation Unfair Commercial Practices Directive Directives on Unfair Contract Terms (93/13/EC) Electronic Commerce (2 000/13/EC). ? There exists a European Commissioner for Consumer Protection a post currently held by the Bulgarian Meglena Kuneva. b. The Slovak Republic: Tab. 3: Consumer Protection Legislation in the Slovak Republic CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Special Legislation General Legislation Legislation with Direct Impact Consumer Protection Law Package Act Price Act Advertising Law Legislation with Indirect Impact State Commercial Inspection Law State Agriculture and Food Inspection Law Commercial Chain Law Network Line Regulation Law Electronic Communication and E-Commerce Act Transmition and Retransmition Law Civil Code Commercial Code Authors Act Environment Law Animal Protection Law Act about an Access to Public Information Economics Competition protection Law Etc. Resource: own research Conclusion For an improvement of ethics consciousness in product marketing area there are important the following activities: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ To perfect legislation in the area of the product quality standardization, first of all To improve legislation in the area of product control mechanisms To adhere to the existing legislation (rights and duties) of producers, sellers, advertising agency and other stakeholders of demand side subjects Requisition of own rights to serious parameters of the products and services by customers, consumers, clients, patients †¦.. 5] Enhancement and objectification of informness (in medias, in advertising†¦) about products and services from demand side subjects [2] Institutionalization of the corporate social respons ibility as the instrument of ethics code recruitment of enterprises in the area of the product marketing [6] Activation, integrated procedure and efficiency enhancement of the consumer association activities Incorporation of customer protection topic and related topics of product marketing into learning texts of the primary school and secondary school.

Free Essays on Hearing Loss

, 6 infants out of 1,000 will have a hearing loss in a least one ear that will affect communication, cognition, and educational development. Twenty to thirty percent of hearing loss in children occurs during infancy and early childhood. Some children will suffer hearing loss in one ear or possibly both. There are different types of hearing loss. A conductive hearing loss occurs in the middle ear. This is where three small bones involved in hearing are located. A hearing loss that occurs in this part of the ear is usually temporary. Chronic or recurrent ear infections may cause a hearing loss in the middle ear. There are cases where there is a malformation in this area that can be improved or corrected through surgery. There are occasions when a problem in the middle ear cannot be corrected. A sensori-neural hearing loss occurs in the middle ear and indicates that there is nerve damage. This type of loss is not reversible. There are different natures of hearing loss some that can be corrected or others that are irreversible. Parents sometimes ask, â€Å"Why did this happen to my child?† In some cases, the cause of a child’s hearing loss may be easy to trace. There may be a family history of deafness, a congenital condition, an illness, an accident, a prescribed medication that may be the cause of hearing loss. In many cases, there may be no obvious reason for the hearing loss. Parents must come to ... Free Essays on Hearing Loss Free Essays on Hearing Loss This paper is based on a disability that many Americans have, hearing loss. The nature, causality, assessment, prevention, and accommodation are things that will be discussed. This paper will also discuss some of my personal experiences of hearing loss through experiences my friend has encountered. According to Gallaudet University, approximately 1 of every 1,000 infants is born deaf while 6 of every 1,000 are born with some degree of hearing loss. Permanent hearing loss at birth annually affects 24,000 infants in the USA. In other words, 6 infants out of 1,000 will have a hearing loss in a least one ear that will affect communication, cognition, and educational development. Twenty to thirty percent of hearing loss in children occurs during infancy and early childhood. Some children will suffer hearing loss in one ear or possibly both. There are different types of hearing loss. A conductive hearing loss occurs in the middle ear. This is where three small bones involved in hearing are located. A hearing loss that occurs in this part of the ear is usually temporary. Chronic or recurrent ear infections may cause a hearing loss in the middle ear. There are cases where there is a malformation in this area that can be improved or corrected through surgery. There are occasions when a problem in the middle ear cannot be corrected. A sensori-neural hearing loss occurs in the middle ear and indicates that there is nerve damage. This type of loss is not reversible. There are different natures of hearing loss some that can be corrected or others that are irreversible. Parents sometimes ask, â€Å"Why did this happen to my child?† In some cases, the cause of a child’s hearing loss may be easy to trace. There may be a family history of deafness, a congenital condition, an illness, an accident, a prescribed medication that may be the cause of hearing loss. In many cases, there may be no obvious reason for the hearing loss. Parents must come to ...

The differences Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The differences - Assignment Example There is an increase of feminist movements who are ready to speak on behalf of the oppressed through civic education and constituency awareness (Serano 20). This is being manifested as a women revolution in the realization of one’s identity. How are you going to ensure the movements succeed in their aspirations? According to Sheryl Sandberg in Why we have too few women leaders, there is an imperative need for women to balance their professions and family life without allowing any compromise (Serano 34). Therefore, in your capacity as president, what will you do to help women find an effective balance to help them in advancement? In the Combahee River Collective, Black feminists make recollections of their persistent struggle since 1974 in the definition and clarification of the country’s politics (Serano 39). They also recollect their creation of coalitions and promotion progressive movements and organizations. What is your presidency planning to do advance such earlier efforts? Since the 1880s till the present, different women have attempted their chances at the presidency both in America and other nations to change their nations (Serano 45). They include Blanca Rojas Echaverry of Nicaragua, Dr. Heide Schmidt, Austria and Hillary Clinton among others. How will you ensure women have better chances of clinching top leadership positions to bring change? Various studies reveal that men have better negotiation skills than women. In the view of Sheryl Sandberg in Why we have too few women leaders, this is has been caused by a culture that demeans women and makes them look inferior in fighting for equal opportunities in the workforce (Serano 13). What is your presidency planning to do to mitigate on this worrying trend? There is also the problem with a majority of women of color in Women and Family that lack skills, experience and education that prevents them from attaining excellence in several

Marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Marketing - Dissertation Example The other section of the literature review concerns cosmetic companies, their practices regarding animal testing, and the history of protests against these companies, which has led to the European Union instituting a marketing ban of companies who animal test and has also led large companies to scale back their animal testing procedures, if not eliminate them altogether. The methodology section explains the different types of research – qualitative, quantitative and secondary – and why secondary research was chosen. In the data analysis portion, the sales of six companies are examined, along with the results of a Google search on these companies. The Google search will determine if the overall â€Å"buzz† for each company is negative or positive, with regards to their animal testing practices. Then, the impact of the positive or negative buzz for each company is determined through the use of Facebook pages, and the fans of pages that are either negative or positi ve for each company’s animal testing practices. ... On the one hand are the researchers, who claim that the tests are necessary so that the cosmetics do not harm human skin or eyes (Takamatsu, 2000, p. 129). On the other hand are the activists who claim that animals have the same rights as humans to be free of pain and fear, and that the tests are unnecessarily cruel(Leslie &Sunstein, 2006, p. 3). Many people undoubtedly fall into some kind of grey area between these positions, recognizing that what is done to animals in these laboratory settings is heinous and wrong, yet also realizing that the potential for humans to suffer permanent damage because of the cosmetics that they wear would also be heinous and wrong. Many people assume that there is a better alternative to animal testing, and, if there is not, one must be found. At any rate, when these types of tests began to be publicized, there was an outcry that prompted many cosmetic giants to fold and promise to stop animal testing(Nye, 2006, p. 1). This study seeks to understand th e negative impact of cosmetic testing on these companies. The study will not just determine what the possible negative impact will be for the companies who continue to animal test, but will determine what has been the past negative impact for other companies who have animal tested. In general, the study will seek to quantify, in terms of dollars, cents and lost reputation, the damage done to cosmetic companies who were shamed into stopping animal testing in the years past. Further, the attitude of consumers is another factor that will be quantified. Some of the literature indicates that having a positive social message is not necessarily enough for a company to capitalize – they also must have a quality product at the right price(Li & Tang, 2010, p. 27). Might this

The Advantages of eBooks Versus Traditional Books Essay Example for Free

The Advantages of eBooks Versus Traditional Books Essay The Advantages of eBooks Versus Traditional Books By Jill Harness While you’re browsing the electronic bookshelves of an online bookstore, you may be tempted to buying a lower-priced eBook over a physical copy. Before you buy either version though, it’s important to realize that there are definite advantages and disadvantages of each, you should always evaluate your own needs before deciding. The following are some of the advantages of eBooks over physical titles: Travel.  If you’re on the go a lot, you know how heavy regular titles are, particularly if you intend to finish one book while you are out and need to bring another book with you. eBooks allow you to bring a whole library with you wherever you go. You can switch between titles with ease and the weight is lighter than a standard paperback. Storage. Those who own a lot of books know how much space they can take up, but with a reader, your bookshelf is located on a small handheld device, your computer or on both. This will save you a lot of storage space and also means you have a backup online if something happens to your books. Price. eBooks are often cheaper in the long run because there are no printing fees associated with them. In fact, you can often find free eBooks online, whereas physical books almost always cost you something. You must remember however, that readers are not free, you are going to spend a good amount upfront for a device like this. Speed. When you buy an eBook, your reward is instantaneous. Whereas if you order a book online you have to wait for it to arrive before the fun begins. Font adjustments. With an eBook, you can instantly change the darkness of the lettering or the size of your font. When your eyes feel strained after reading a paper book too long, you have little choice but to stop reading. With an eBook, you can just change the font size and keep going. This is also a great feature for those who need large print books. Night reading. If you read in bed, an eBook may be a good option as many readers come with built-in reading lights. These are easy to use and won’t get in the way like the lights attached to actual books do. Advantages of physical books over electronic titles: Resale value. Like music downloads, you’ll never actually be able to resell electronic books. If you are into collectable books, this is a particularly big problem and you should only use physical titles. Reading ease. This one is only really a benefit for those that would otherwise read eBooks on their computers or phones. If you buy a commercial eReader, it will probably use ink technology that will not hurt your eyes with backlight. Never the less, you don’t need to worry about this problem with a physical book. No devices needed. If you find yourself in a small town without your cell phone or computer, you won’t be able to download a new title for your eBook, but you can always stop by a local bookstore and pick up a new paperback. No batteries. While most readers have a good battery life, there will still be times where you forget to charge it and then can’t read at all. You’ll never have this problem with a standard book. No warranties needed. If your eReader breaks, you will have nothing to read until you receive a new one. Some devices let you read the titles you have saved on your computer, but it’s just something you’ll never have to worry about with a physical book. Best of all, if a book does get damaged to where you cant read it, you can just go to the bookstore and buy another copy, rather than worrying if it is still covered by the manufacturer’s warranty. Tradition. Let’s face it; you’re never going to get that comforting smell of paper or the weight of a good book in your hands when you read an eBook. And while you can flip ahead in an eBook, you can’t do so in a matter of seconds and flip right back to your page. As you can see, both types of books have many advantages; the decision is ultimately up to you. Some people find technology more convenient, while others find the weight and smell of books to be comforting. Whatever you decide, many of our top online bookstore sites, particularly Amazon. com and Borders, offer electronic downloads along with physical books, so you can be certain that all of your favorite titles will still be available.